Edited game study
The Game of the Century: Byrne vs Fischer (1956)
Published Updated
This 1956 Rosenwald Memorial game between Donald Byrne and 13-year-old Bobby Fischer became known as the Game of the Century. Fischer gives up his queen and receives enough coordinated material to attack the exposed king.
On this page
- White
- Donald Byrne
- Black
- Robert James Fischer
- Event
- New York Rosenwald
- Year
- 1956
- Result
- 0-1
- Opening
- D92 Grünfeld Defense: Three Knights Variation, Hungarian Attack
Opening reference: Grünfeld Defense: Three Knights Variation, Hungarian Attack (D92).
In this game, 20 half-moves are labelled opening, 62 middlegame and 0 endgame. The score contains 17 captures and 14 checks or mates; before a recorded move, the position offered a median of 35 legal choices. The final recorded move is 41...Rc2#, which is checkmate; the stored result is 0-1.
Critical decisions
The daily trainer uses a short set of positions from this complete score. Each link goes to the exact half-move rather than only the numbered move.
- 11...Na4 — Move 11 — ...Na4!!, the counterattack begins11...Na4 was a leading choice in the fixed engine check.
- 19...Ne2+ — Moves 19-25 — the windmill19...Ne2+ was a leading choice in the fixed engine check.
- 21...Ne2+ — A forcing check21...Ne2+ was a leading choice in the fixed engine check.
- 28...Rxe1 — Exchange on e128...Rxe1 was a leading choice in the fixed engine check.
- 41...Rc2# — Moves 33-41 — the mating net41...Rc2# was a leading choice in the fixed engine check.
Replay with move-by-move board facts
The board, fact panel and transcript use the same legal score. “Fixed engine check” means Stockfish 17.1, one thread, a fixed 25,000-node search and 3 candidate lines. It compares moves under one reproducible setting; it does not claim to reconstruct a player’s thoughts.
Start position
Use Previous and Next on the board, or select a move in the transcript. The board fact and fixed engine check remain visible until you choose another move.
Opening · 1.Nf3 to 10...Bg4
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1.Nf3
Develop the knight
Board fact: White develops the knight from g1 to f3; from there it controls d4 and e5.
Fixed engine check: Near the leading choice · Nf3 d5.
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1...Nf6
Develop the knight
Board fact: Black develops the knight from g8 to f6; from there it controls d5 and e4.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Nf6 c4 c6 Qc2.
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2.c4
Advance the c-pawn
Board fact: White moves the pawn from c2 to c4; from there it controls d5.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · c4 e6 e3 c5.
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2...g6
Advance the g-pawn
Board fact: Black moves the pawn from g7 to g6; from there it controls f5.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · g6 Nc3 c5 e4.
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3.Nc3
Develop the knight
Board fact: White develops the knight from b1 to c3; from there it controls d5 and e4.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Nc3 c5 e4 Nc6.
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3...Bg7
Develop the bishop
Board fact: Black develops the bishop from f8 to g7; from there it controls f6.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Bg7 e4 c5 d4.
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4.d4
Claim central space
Board fact: White moves the pawn from d2 to d4; from there it controls e5 and c5.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · d4 d5 cxd5 Nxd5.
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4...O-O
Kingside castling
Board fact: Black castles kingside, moving the king to g8 and the rook to f8. The move changes king safety and develops the rook in one turn.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · O-O e4 d6 Be2.
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5.Bf4
Develop the bishop
Board fact: White develops the bishop from c1 to f4; from f4 it attacks Black's pawn on c7.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Bf4 d6.
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5...d5
Change the pawn structure
Board fact: Black moves the pawn from d7 to d5; the move changes the central pawn contact; from d5 it attacks White's pawn on c4.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · d5 e3 c5 dxc5.
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6.Qb3
Create pressure on b7
Board fact: White moves the queen from d1 to b3; from b3 it attacks Black's pawn on b7.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Qb3 dxc4.
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6...dxc4
Exchange on c4
Board fact: Black's pawn takes the pawn on c4; the move changes the central pawn contact; Black accepts doubled pawns on the c-file; from c4 it attacks White's queen on b3; black is ahead by 1 conventional material point after the capture.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · dxc4 Qxc4.
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7.Qxc4
Recapture on c4
Board fact: White's queen recaptures the pawn on c4; from c4 it attacks Black's pawn on c7 and Black's pawn on f7; material is level after the capture.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Qxc4 c6.
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7...c6
Advance the c-pawn
Board fact: Black moves the pawn from c7 to c6; from there it controls d5.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · c6 e3 b5 Qb3.
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8.e4
Claim central space
Board fact: White moves the pawn from e2 to e4; from there it controls d5 and f5.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · e4 b5 Qb3 Qa5.
-
8...Nbd7
Develop the knight
Board fact: Black develops the knight from b8 to d7; from there it controls e5, c5 and f6.
Fixed engine check: Playable; Qa5 ranked higher · Nbd7.
-
9.Rd1
Improve the rook
Board fact: White moves the rook from a1 to d1; from there it controls d4 and d3.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Rd1 Qb6 Rd2 Nh5.
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9...Nb6
Create pressure on c4
Board fact: Black moves the knight from d7 to b6; from b6 it attacks White's queen on c4.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Nb6 Qd3 Nh5 Be3.
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10.Qc5
Create pressure on b6
Board fact: White moves the queen from c4 to c5; from c5 it attacks Black's knight on b6 and Black's pawn on c6.
Fixed engine check: Playable; Qb3 ranked higher · Qc5 Bg4 Be2 Bxf3.
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10...Bg4
Develop the bishop
Board fact: Black develops the bishop from c8 to g4; from g4 it attacks White's knight on f3.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Bg4 Be2 Bxf3 Bxf3.
Middlegame · 11.Bg5 to 41...Rc2#
-
11.Bg5
Create pressure on f6
Board fact: White moves the bishop from f4 to g5; from g5 it attacks Black's knight on f6.
Fixed engine check: Recorded move; Be2 ranked higher · Bg5 Na4.
Move 11 — ...Na4!!, the counterattack beginsAfter 11.Bg5 Na4, Black ignores the pin on the f6-knight and increases the pressure on c3. The recorded continuation 12.Qa3 Nxc3 13.bxc3 Nxe4 removes White's c3-knight and central e4-pawn. -
11...Na4
Create pressure on c5
Board fact: Black moves the knight from b6 to a4; from a4 it attacks White's queen on c5 and White's knight on c3.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Na4 Qa3 Nxc3 bxc3.
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12.Qa3
Create pressure on a4
Board fact: White moves the queen from c5 to a3; from a3 it attacks Black's knight on a4 and Black's pawn on e7.
Fixed engine check: Near the leading choice · Qa3 Nxc3 bxc3 Nxe4.
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12...Nxc3
Exchange on c3
Board fact: Black's knight takes the knight on c3; from c3 it attacks White's rook on d1 and White's pawn on a2; black is ahead by 3 conventional material points after the capture.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Nxc3 bxc3 Nxe4 Bxe7.
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13.bxc3
Recapture on c3
Board fact: White's pawn recaptures the knight on c3; the move changes the central pawn contact; from c3 it reinforces the pawn on d4; material is level after the capture.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · bxc3 Nxe4 Bxe7 Qd5.
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13...Nxe4
Exchange on e4
Board fact: Black's knight takes the pawn on e4; from e4 it attacks White's bishop on g5 and White's pawn on c3; black is ahead by 1 conventional material point after the capture.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Nxe4 Bxe7 Qd5 Be2.
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14.Bxe7
Exchange on e7
Board fact: White's bishop takes the pawn on e7; from e7 it attacks Black's queen on d8 and Black's rook on f8; material is level after the capture.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Bxe7 Qd5 Be2 Rfe8.
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14...Qb6
Create pressure on d4
Board fact: Black moves the queen from d8 to b6; from b6 it attacks White's pawn on d4.
Fixed engine check: Near the leading choice · Qb6.
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15.Bc4
Develop the bishop
Board fact: White develops the bishop from f1 to c4; from c4 it attacks Black's pawn on f7.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Bc4 Nxc3.
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15...Nxc3
Exchange on c3
Board fact: Black's knight takes the pawn on c3; from c3 it attacks White's rook on d1 and White's pawn on a2; black is ahead by 1 conventional material point after the capture.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Nxc3 O-O Nxd1 Rxd1.
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16.Bc5
Create pressure on b6
Board fact: White moves the bishop from e7 to c5; from c5 it attacks Black's queen on b6 and Black's rook on f8.
Fixed engine check: Playable; O-O ranked higher · Bc5 Rfe8+.
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16...Rfe8+
A forcing check
Board fact: Black moves the rook from f8 to e8; the move checks White's king; the rook now occupies the open e-file; from there it controls e4, e5 and e3.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Rfe8+ Ne5 Bxe5 O-O.
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17.Kf1
Answering the check
Board fact: White answers the check by moving the king from e1 to f1; from f1 it reinforces the pawn on f2.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Kf1 Be6 Qxc3 Qxc5.
Move 17 — ...Be6!!, the queen sacrifice17...Be6 leaves Black's queen on b6 to be captured. After 18.Bxb6 Bxc4+, the e6-bishop takes on c4 with check and begins the sequence of checks that follows. -
17...Be6
Create pressure on c4
Board fact: Black moves the bishop from g4 to e6; from e6 it attacks White's bishop on c4.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Be6 Qxc3 Qxc5 dxc5.
-
18.Bxb6
Exchange on b6
Board fact: White's bishop takes the queen on b6; from b6 it attacks Black's pawn on a7; white is ahead by 8 conventional material points after the capture.
Fixed engine check: Recorded move; Qxc3 ranked higher · Bxb6 Bxc4+ Kg1 Ne2+.
-
18...Bxc4+
Capture with check on c4
Board fact: Black's bishop takes the bishop on c4; the move checks White's king; from c4 it attacks White's pawn on a2; white is ahead by 5 conventional material points after the capture.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Bxc4+ Kg1 Ne2+ Kf1.
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19.Kg1
Answering the check
Board fact: White answers the check by moving the king from f1 to g1; from g1 it reinforces the rook on h1.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Kg1 Ne2+ Kf1 Nxd4+.
Moves 19-25 — the windmillThe checks 19...Ne2+ 20.Kf1 Nxd4+ 21.Kg1 Ne2+ move the king between g1 and f1 while the knight collects the d4-pawn. By 25...Nxd1, Black has taken a rook as part of the material received for the queen. -
19...Ne2+
A forcing check
Board fact: Black moves the knight from c3 to e2; the move checks White's king; from e2 it attacks White's pawn on d4.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Ne2+ Kf1 Nxd4+ Kg1.
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20.Kf1
Answering the check
Board fact: White answers the check by moving the king from g1 to f1; from f1 it attacks Black's knight on e2.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Kf1 Nxd4+ Kg1 Ne2+.
-
20...Nxd4+
Capture with check on d4
Board fact: Black's knight takes the pawn on d4; the move checks White's king; from d4 it attacks White's knight on f3; white is ahead by 4 conventional material points after the capture.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Nxd4+ Kg1 Ne2+ Kf1.
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21.Kg1
Answering the check
Board fact: White answers the check by moving the king from f1 to g1; from g1 it reinforces the rook on h1.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Kg1 Ne2+ Kf1 Nc3+.
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21...Ne2+
A forcing check
Board fact: Black moves the knight from d4 to e2; the move checks White's king; from there it controls d4, c3 and f4.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Ne2+ Kf1 Nc3+ Kg1.
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22.Kf1
Answering the check
Board fact: White answers the check by moving the king from g1 to f1; from f1 it attacks Black's knight on e2.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Kf1 Nc3+ Kg1 axb6.
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22...Nc3+
A forcing check
Board fact: Black moves the knight from e2 to c3; the move checks White's king; from c3 it attacks White's rook on d1 and White's pawn on a2.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Nc3+ Kg1 axb6 Qb4.
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23.Kg1
Answering the check
Board fact: White answers the check by moving the king from f1 to g1; from g1 it reinforces the rook on h1.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Kg1 axb6 Qb4 Ra4.
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23...axb6
Exchange on b6
Board fact: Black's pawn takes the bishop on b6; the move changes the central pawn contact; Black accepts doubled pawns on the b-file; white is ahead by 1 conventional material point after the capture.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · axb6 Qb4 Ra4 Qxb6.
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24.Qb4
Create pressure on c3
Board fact: White moves the queen from a3 to b4; from b4 it attacks Black's knight on c3 and Black's bishop on c4.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Qb4 Ra4 Qxb6 Nxd1.
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24...Ra4
Rook on the semi-open a-file
Board fact: Black moves the rook from a8 to a4; the rook now works on a semi-open a-file; from a4 it attacks White's queen on b4 and White's pawn on a2.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Ra4 Qxb6 Nxd1 h4.
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25.Qxb6
Exchange on b6
Board fact: White's queen takes the pawn on b6; from b6 it attacks Black's pawn on b7 and Black's pawn on c6; white is ahead by 2 conventional material points after the capture.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Qxb6 Nxd1 h4 Nc3.
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25...Nxd1
Exchange on d1
Board fact: Black's knight takes the rook on d1; from d1 it attacks White's pawn on f2; black is ahead by 3 conventional material points after the capture.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Nxd1 h4 Nc3 Kh2.
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26.h3
Advance the h-pawn
Board fact: White moves the pawn from h2 to h3.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · h3 Bd5 Kh2 Nc3.
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26...Rxa2
Exchange on a2
Board fact: Black's rook takes the pawn on a2; the rook now occupies the open a-file; from a2 it attacks White's pawn on f2; black is ahead by 4 conventional material points after the capture.
Fixed engine check: Near the leading choice · Rxa2 Kh2 Nc3 Re1.
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27.Kh2
Reposition the king
Board fact: White moves the king from g1 to h2; from h2 it reinforces the rook on h1.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Kh2 Nc3 Re1 Rae2.
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27...Nxf2
Exchange on f2
Board fact: Black's knight takes the pawn on f2; from f2 it attacks White's rook on h1 and White's pawn on h3; black is ahead by 5 conventional material points after the capture.
Fixed engine check: Near the leading choice · Nxf2 Re1 Rf8 Re7.
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28.Re1
Rook on the open e-file
Board fact: White moves the rook from h1 to e1; the rook now occupies the open e-file; from e1 it attacks Black's rook on e8.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Re1 Rf8 Re7 Bd5.
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28...Rxe1
Exchange on e1
Board fact: Black's rook takes the rook on e1; the rook now occupies the open e-file; black is ahead by 10 conventional material points after the capture.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Rxe1 Qd8+ Bf8 Nxe1.
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29.Qd8+
A forcing check
Board fact: White moves the queen from b6 to d8; the move checks Black's king; from there it controls d4, d5 and d3.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Qd8+ Bf8 Nxe1 h5.
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29...Bf8
Answering the check
Board fact: Black answers the check by moving the bishop from g7 to f8; from there it controls c5 and d6.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Bf8 Nxe1 h5 Nf3.
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30.Nxe1
Exchange on e1
Board fact: White's knight takes the rook on e1; from e1 it reinforces the pawn on g2; black is ahead by 5 conventional material points after the capture.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Nxe1 Bd5 Nf3 h5.
-
30...Bd5
Create pressure on g2
Board fact: Black moves the bishop from c4 to d5; from d5 it attacks White's pawn on g2.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Bd5 Kg1 h5 Qb8.
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31.Nf3
Develop the knight
Board fact: White develops the knight from e1 to f3; from there it controls d4 and e5.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Nf3 h5 Kg3 h4+.
-
31...Ne4
Improve the knight
Board fact: Black moves the knight from f2 to e4; from there it controls c3, c5 and d6.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Ne4 Kg1 Ng3 Qb8.
-
32.Qb8
Create pressure on f8
Board fact: White moves the queen from d8 to b8; from b8 it attacks Black's bishop on f8 and Black's pawn on b7.
Fixed engine check: Near the leading choice · Qb8 Nd6 Nh4 b5.
-
32...b5
Advance a passed pawn
Board fact: Black moves the pawn from b7 to b5; the pawn is now passed; from there it controls c4.
Fixed engine check: Playable; Ng5 ranked higher · b5 Ne5 Nf6 Kg1.
-
33.h4
Advance the h-pawn
Board fact: White moves the pawn from h3 to h4.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · h4 h5 Kg1 b4.
Moves 33-41 — the mating netThe forcing line 35...Bc5+ 36.Kf1 Ng3+ 37.Ke1 Bb4+ starts the final king march. Further bishop and knight checks drive the king to c1, where 41...Rc2# covers the second rank and completes the mate. -
33...h5
Advance the h-pawn
Board fact: Black moves the pawn from h7 to h5.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · h5 Kh3 Nf6 Ng5.
-
34.Ne5
Create pressure on c6
Board fact: White moves the knight from f3 to e5; from e5 it attacks Black's pawn on c6 and Black's pawn on f7.
Fixed engine check: Near the leading choice · Ne5 Nf6 Kh3 Rf2.
-
34...Kg7
Reposition the king
Board fact: Black moves the king from g8 to g7; from there it controls f6.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Kg7 Nxf7 Kxf7 Qc7+.
-
35.Kg1
Reposition the king
Board fact: White moves the king from h2 to g1; from g1 it reinforces the pawn on g2.
Fixed engine check: Recorded move; Qb6 ranked higher · Kg1 Bd6 Qxd6 Nxd6.
-
35...Bc5+
A forcing check
Board fact: Black develops the bishop from f8 to c5; the move checks White's king; from there it controls d4, d6 and e3.
Fixed engine check: Near the leading choice · Bc5+ Kf1 Ra1+ Ke2.
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36.Kf1
Answering the check
Board fact: White answers the check by moving the king from g1 to f1; from f1 it reinforces the pawn on g2.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Kf1 Ra1+ Ke2 Bd6.
-
36...Ng3+
A forcing check
Board fact: Black moves the knight from e4 to g3; the move checks White's king; from there it controls e4 and f5.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Ng3+ Ke1 Re2+ Kd1.
-
37.Ke1
Answering the check
Board fact: White answers the check by moving the king from f1 to e1.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Ke1 Re2+ Kd1 Bb3+.
-
37...Bb4+
A forcing check
Board fact: Black moves the bishop from c5 to b4; the move checks White's king; from there it controls c3, c5 and d6.
Fixed engine check: Playable; Re2+ ranked higher · Bb4+ Kd1 Bb3+ Kc1.
-
38.Kd1
Answering the check
Board fact: White answers the check by moving the king from e1 to d1.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Kd1 Bb3+ Kc1 Ne2+.
-
38...Bb3+
A forcing check
Board fact: Black moves the bishop from d5 to b3; the move checks White's king; from there it controls d5, c4 and e6.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Bb3+ Kc1 Ne2+ Kb1.
-
39.Kc1
Answering the check
Board fact: White answers the check by moving the king from d1 to c1.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Kc1 Ne2+ Kb1 Nc3+.
-
39...Ne2+
A forcing check
Board fact: Black moves the knight from g3 to e2; the move checks White's king; from there it controls d4, c3 and f4.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Ne2+ Kb1 Nc3+ Kc1.
-
40.Kb1
Answering the check
Board fact: White answers the check by moving the king from c1 to b1; from b1 it attacks Black's rook on a2.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Kb1 Nc3+ Kc1 Ba3#.
-
40...Nc3+
A forcing check
Board fact: Black moves the knight from e2 to c3; the move checks White's king; from there it controls d5 and e4.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Nc3+ Kc1 Ba3#.
-
41.Kc1
Answering the check
Board fact: White answers the check by moving the king from b1 to c1.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Kc1 Ba3#.
-
41...Rc2#
Checkmate
Board fact: Black's rook moves from a2 to c2 and delivers checkmate; White's king has no legal way to answer the attack.
Fixed engine check: Ranked first · Rc2#.
PGN
Sources and checking
Score source: Chess Database, version 1 by Ana Schaigorodsky (2016), licensed under CC BY 4.0. LibreChess selected the exact score identified by sha256:051fd575476372fb8a863894af330690ab62885c96e1821344dec7873f2a814d and pins it in the selection manifest.
Exact Figshare tags:White="Byrne, Donald"; Black="Fischer, Robert James"; Event="New York Rosenwald"; Date="1956.??.??"; Result="0-1". LibreChess parsed the main line with chess.js and stores normalised SAN. Source comments, side variations and termination detail were not retained.
LibreChess checks every SAN move with chess.js and compares the result and move sequence with a stored reference. The engine comparison was calculated offline from the fixed settings above; it is not a source for historical claims or a substitute for the authored notes. No termination is inferred where the imported score does not preserve one.
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