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Chess openings

Opening family

French Defense Lines and Variations

The French Defense family contains 211 named lines in this opening book, spanning ECO C00 to C19. Use this page as the map, then open individual lines for exact move orders and diagrams.

Named lines
211
ECO coverage
C00, C01, C02, C03 ... C17, C18, C19
ECO volume
C (open games after 1.e4 e5 plus the French Defense)
Shortest line
C00 French Defense: 1. e4 e6

How to study this family

White

White often gains space with e5 and then tries to convert that space into kingside or central pressure.

Black

Black accepts a cramped light-squared bishop in exchange for a resilient chain and counterplay against d4.

Start with the shortest line, then branch to the variations that change the pawn structure or tactical target. Memorizing every branch before understanding the family plan is usually wasted work.

Main named lines

Deep theory branches

Start with the root lineDrill this family